In poker, your journey to profitability begins before the flop is even dealt. The hands you choose to play, and those you choose to fold, form the foundation of your entire strategic approach. Yet many players apply a one-size-fits-all strategy to hand selection, ignoring the immense edge available through custom-tailoring their ranges against different opponent types.
为什么通用范围不足
The standard charts and starting hand recommendations you’ll find in basic poker literature serve as useful guidelines for beginners. However, these generalized approaches represent missed opportunities for serious players. Profitable poker isn’t about playing “good hands”, it’s about playing the right hands against specific opponents in specific situations.
考虑一下：同样的口袋 J 可能是对紧激进玩家的明确 3 下注，可以更好地作为对松散被动对手的跟注，后者经常以较弱的持股跟注加注。通用范围无法利用这些细微差别的优势。
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对你的反对意见进行分类
Before you can customize your ranges, you need a systematic way to classify the players you’re facing. While detailed notes are valuable, a quick classification system allows for rapid adjustments during play.
最有效的球员分类包括：
- Passive vs. Aggressive：他们多久通过下注和加注主动？
- Tight vs. Loose：他们玩的手牌百分比是多少？
- Straightforward vs. Tricky：他们翻牌后的行为有多可预测？
从这些轴上，我们可以确定在所有赌注中定期出现的几个原型玩家：
尼特（紧被动）
Key characteristics:
- Plays 12-15% of hands
- 很少虚张声势
- 高估强力手牌
- 容易折叠成侵略性
Range adjustment strategy: Expand your stealing range dramatically against nits. When they show strength, proceed with caution, their ranges are heavily weighted toward premium holdings.
Instead of raising A9s from early position in a standard game, you might open with hands as weak as K7s or Q9s when the action folds to you against multiple nits. Their predictable folding patterns create immediate profit opportunities that don’t exist against more aggressive players.
呼叫站（松散-被动）
Key characteristics:
- Plays 35%+ of hands
- 翻牌前和翻牌后范围较宽的跟注
- 很少在没有溢价持有的情况下进行融资
- 弃牌或抽牌困难
Range adjustment strategy: Tighten your bluffing range and widen your value betting range. Against calling stations, prioritize hands that make strong showdown value and deprioritize hands that need fold equity to be profitable.
例如，像 5♠6♠ 这样的低同花连接器会降低对呼叫站的价值，因为您的半虚张声势面临太多的呼叫，而像 8♠8♣ 这样的中等对子会因为它们对电台的广泛范围的摊牌强度而增加价值。
疯子（松散攻击性）
Key characteristics:
- Plays 40%+ of hands
- 范围广的侵略性
- 经常虚张声势多条街道
- 高方差的打法
Range adjustment strategy: Tighten your opening ranges but expand your calling ranges with hands that can make strong pairs and draws. Against maniacs, hands with good blocking effects become particularly valuable.
像 A♣5♣ 这样的手牌在对抗疯子时变得更有价值，因为它们可以在阻挡疯子的一些虚张声势组合的同时做出坚果。相反，像 KJ♣♠ 这样处于早期位置的边缘手牌会因为您将面临的攻击性增加而变得不那么可玩。
Learn how to control variance with our Poker Bankroll Management Guide to handle opponents like maniacs and swingy games.
TAG（紧身攻击）
Key characteristics:
- Plays 18-22% of hands
- 平衡的投注和加注方法
- 深思熟虑的锅控制和大小
- 翻牌后很难对战
Range adjustment strategy: Play straightforward poker with slight adjustments to exploit any specific tendencies. Against TAGs, balanced play becomes more important, but look for spots where they consistently make mistakes.
构建自定义范围：实用方法
现在我们已经确定了对手原型，让我们来看看如何构建自定义范围：
第 1 步：建立基线
从每个位置的基本音域开始。您的基线可能如下所示：
- UTG: 15% of hands (88+, ATs+, KQs, AJo+)
- MP: 18% of hands (77+, A9s+, KJs+, QJs, ATo+, KQo)
- CO: 25% of hands (55+, A7s+, KTs+, QTs+, JTs, ATo+, KJo+)
- BTN: 40% of hands (22+, A2s+, K9s+, Q9s+, J9s+, T8s+, 97s+, 87s+, 76s+, A9o+, KTo+, QTo+, JTo)
这是您在面对未知玩家或平衡牌桌时的默认方法。
第 2 步：创建针对对手的修改
对于每种对手类型，对你的基线进行具体的调整。例如：
Against Nits:
- Increase steal attempts by 15-20% when in position
- 减少边际持股的持续投注频率
- Reduce 3-bet bluffing frequency by 50%
- Increase river value bet sizing by 25%
Against Calling Stations:
- Decrease bluff percentage by 60-70%
- 增加所有街道的价值投注大小
- 添加更多手牌，使顶级与优秀踢球者配对
- 在位置偏离时，移除最合适的连接器和小口袋对
Against Maniacs:
- 在呼叫范围中添加更多强大的斧头手
- Increase 3-bet sizes by 20-30%
- 优先考虑阻挡效果好的手牌
- 在第一个行动时移除投机手
Against TAGs:
- 极化范围的 3 次投注频率略有增加
- 在有利的棋盘纹理上进行更多过牌加注
- 更多带位置的小球打法
- 盲注中的防御频率增加
第 3 步：实施博弈论原理
While exploitative adjustments are powerful, balance remains important, especially against observant opponents. Apply these game theory concepts:
- Maintain some bluffing frequency even against calling stations (never go to 0% bluffs)
- Keep some strong hands in checking ranges even against passive players
- Include some weak hands in value betting ranges against aggressive players
- Periodically deviate from your adjustments to avoid becoming predictable
特定职位的注意事项
您的位置调整应该与您的球员类型调整相结合：
早期位置与不同类型
当 UTG 面临多个尼特时，您可能会像这样张开双手：
- A5s-A9s（通常是折叠的 UTG）
- KJ（通常是折叠的 UTG）
- QJ（通常是折叠的 UTG）
Conversely, against multiple LAGs in the blinds, you might tighten to:
- TT+（去掉 88-99）
- AQs+（删除 AT-AJ）
- 仅 AKo（删除 AQo）
按钮与不同类型
在百叶窗中面向虱子的按钮上，展开以包括：
- 任何同花 A
- 任何同花的王
- 任何连接的卡 54s+
- 任何同花的间隙最多两个间隙
针对百叶窗中的滞后性，收紧至：
- A5s+、K9s+、Q9s+、J9s+
- 22岁以上
- 适合连接器 65s+
- ATo+、KJo+
把它们放在一起：一个实际的例子
考虑这个 6 max 现金游戏场景：
- UTG: TAG regular
- MP：松散被动休闲玩家
- CO：紧被动尼特
- BTN：你
- SB：松散侵略的常规
- BB：又一个TAG常客
如果按钮上有♠7♠，标准图表可能会建议加注。但是有了这个特定的表动态，你应该更倾向于打开。截止线中的尼特可能会折叠太多，从而产生死钱。小盲注中宽松激进的玩家可能会以广泛的范围进行 3 下注，从而为您提供有利可图的防御选择，并使用同花 A。这两个 TAG 的玩法都相对简单，让您在翻牌后的决定更加清晰。
However, if the button had A♠7♠ and the blinds were both calling stations while UTG was a maniac, you might consider a tighter approach since your semi-bluffing opportunities decrease and the likelihood of facing multiple players with dominated aces increases.
跟踪和完善您的范围
The most profitable poker players continuously refine their ranges through methodical tracking and analysis. Use these approaches:
Review sessions with a focus on starting hands: Analyze outcomes of specific starting hands against specific player types.
Track win rates by position and opponent type: Look for patterns that suggest range adjustments.
Use simulation software: Test theoretical adjustments before implementing them.
Discuss hands with study groups: Get feedback on your range construction logic.
Review hand histories of winning players: Note how they adjust versus different opponents.
结论：动态适应性作为一种技能
Hand selection isn’t a static element of poker strategy, it’s a dynamic skill that separates break-even players from consistent winners. By systematically adapting your ranges to exploit specific player types, you create edges that compound over time.
请记住，最佳范围会根据以下因素不断演变：
- 当前表动态
- 元游戏趋势
- 您自己的表格图像
- 与对手的具体历史
Want to take your range-building skills to the next level? Check out our guide on bankroll management for online poker because even the best ranges need proper financial backing to thrive.
The most profitable poker players aren’t those who memorize the “right” ranges, they’re the ones who master the art of playing the right hands against the right opponents at the right time.
您在游戏中最常遇到哪种特定类型的球员，您是如何调整范围来利用它们的？您深思熟虑的适应可能只是解锁扑克盈利能力下一阶段的关键。
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